The Constitution of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Constitution of the United States - Essay Example At the same time, the Constitution is not a book of statutes and so therefore overlapping interests have historically provided the crux of difficulties. As such, the Constitution may be said to be the very model of moderation in politics; it manages to make up for the absence of federal authority sorely lacking in the Articles of Confederation while at the same not avoiding the pitfalls of conferring such authority at the federal level that states have no access to redress grievances. The Constitution managed to achieve this tilting the balance of power into the middle ground between the federal and state levels. At the same time, the framers of the Constitution recognized that the primary failure of the Articles of Confederation was in giving too many rights to the states, leaving the federal government weak. The Constitution guaranteed that the ultimate power would rest in the hands of the federal government through the so-called "elastic clause" found in Article I, Section 8 of th e Constitution which endows the Congress with the power to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper" to carry out its specific rights and responsibilities (Anderson 76). The separation of powers and the system of checks and balances is the single most useful aspect of the American democracy despite the fact it paradoxically seems to place limits upon the powers in charge. The necessity for placing limits on the three branches of government can be attributed expressly to the crucible in which the Constitution was drafted. The danger of not just executive tyranny, but also legislative and even judicious tyranny was ever present in the minds of those who had captured their freedom through the shedding of blood. The very concept of conferring authority upon a national government in which the legislative, executive, and judicial branches were connected and working dependently upon the other would mean too much concentrated power in too few hands. The writers of the Constitution instead looked to exploit the advantages of a fragmentary system of governance in which the three branches of the federal government work independently of each other, while at the same time being unable to act entirely on their own. The brilliance of the division of power within the federal government is that each branch has been given just enough power to make a difference, but not so much power as to be allowed to successfully give into the temptation of tyranny. Even today, in the atmosphere of an imperial President and lack of a strong legislative body, the idea that the President or Congress would actually engage in tyrannical methods seems far-fetched, but the framers of the Constitution who saw firsthand how absolute power could corrupt, it was truly a revolutionary leap forward. The limitations on power given to each of the three branches of government is known as the system of checks and balance and it is precisely the limits on power, rather then the authority given, that oils the machinery of democratic progress. Ambition has been counteracted by the placement of limits upon how much power the legislative, executive and judicial branches enjoy. For instance, the laws of American are created by Congress, but the President can use his veto power if he decides for some reason that the law is not just. At the same time the

Alcohol consumption Essay Example for Free

Alcohol consumption Essay Drinking too much – on a single occasion or over time – can take a serious toll on your health. Here’s how alcohol can affect your body: Brain: Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and works. These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination. Heart: Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing problems including: †¢CARDIOMYOPATHY – STRETCHING AND DROOPING OF HEART MUSCLE †¢ARRHYTHMIAS – IRREGULAR HEART BEAT. †¢STROKE †¢HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE Research also shows that drinking moderate amounts of alcohol may protect healthy adults from developing coronary heart disease. Liver: Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver inflammations including: †¢STEATOSIS, OR FATTY LIVER †¢ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS †¢FIBROSIS †¢CIRRHOSIS Pancreas: Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation and swelling of the blood vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper digestion. Cancer: Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk of developing certain cancers, including cancers of the: †¢MOUTH †¢ESOPHAGUS †¢THROAT †¢LIVER †¢BREAST Immune System: Drinking too much can weaken your immune system, making your body a much easier target for disease. Chronic drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than people who do not drink too much. Drinking a lot on a single occasion slows your body’s ability to ward off infections – even up to 24 hours after getting drunk Consequences of drinking too much Alcohol enters your bloodstream as soon as you take your first sip. Alcohol’s immediate effects can appear within about 10 minutes. As you drink, you increase your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level, which is the amount of alcohol present in your bloodstream. The higher your BAC, the more impaired you become by alcohol’s effects. These effects can include.

Coleridge :: essays research papers

The Qualities of Writing I have come to notice through my coursework that writing well is a tool that everyone can benefit from. Good writers will tell of many occasions where their talent has earned them advancement; an advancement that comes not only in the job market but also for personal gratification. Fortunately, writing is a skill that can be both taught and practiced to where virtual perfection is reached. The many facets of writing can seem quite overwhelming to the novice. The two basic principles that stem good writing together are proper voice and thesis development. Nevertheless, Coleridge states, â€Å"If men would only say what they have to say in plain terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Coleridge that people should not write beyond their limits because just being themselves can produce the best source of good writing Voice in a piece of writing can bring rewards like nothing else can. Voice can be termed as the key to getting the reader involved in an essay. Without it, the reader becomes passive and the essay cannot be comprehended. Most essays have the essential material, so the manner in which the material is presented can make a difference. When voice is properly executed, the reader can interact with the writing and make the necessary connections. When properly executed, voice is a logical facet of writing and leads to effective writing. The actual development of the thesis is yet another key to effective writing. The writing must adhere to what must be said. The thesis statement provides a basis for the essay; a basis for the reader. Once this is established, it must be developed throughout the paper. Coleridge is so often described as "explosive," and by all accounts he was at times an unusually dynamic, charismatic and unpredictable person.

Response to “Internationalized Civil War” Essay

Karen Rasler’s essay â€Å"Internationalized Civil War: A Dynamic Analysis of the Syrian Intervention in Lebanon† is a highly scientific exploration of what exactly happened when the Syrian military stepped in amidst the internal conflict between the Lebanese Front and the Palestinian Resistance Movement (many other groups were involved at different points, but for simplicity’s sake I will just use these groups as a right vs. left catch-all for the bulk of the conflict). Rasler begins by addressing the idea that, as much rhetoric as has been given to external intervention in the case of internal conflict, much of the studies done and articles published have failed to address the larger issue of not only what the immediate effects of external intervention are, but also what are the long-term reverberating effects on the country that has either sought external aid or had it forced upon them. Rasler cites several questions regarding the effects of external intervention, including whether or not the external aid escalates violence and ultimately prolongs the conflict. What Rasler sets out to do in her essay is create a longitudinal examination of the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1977). Rasler contends that this particular example, being so well-covered in the media and, at the point in time which Rasler wrote the piece, having had enough time pass to study its residual effects, is a solid example to begin with, even if it is not representative of all cases of external involvement in civil wars. She is seeking the extent to which the Syrian military occupation in Lebanon either decreased or increased internal conflict, as well as the long-term ramifications intervention had for Lebanese politics. Rasler begins with four basic hypotheses which she sets to measure against the Lebanese Civil War. These hypotheses are as follows: (1) External military intervention will increase the level and duration of domestic conflict; (2) Military intervention will occur during periods in which the level of internal conflict escalates beyond previously established levels; (3) Military intervention will occur during periods of extreme polarization between domestic political groups; and (4) Military intervention will occur during periods in which cooperation between domestic political groups and the intervening external nation-state are escalating beyond previous levels. After stating her hypothesis, Rasler then begins to collect â€Å"empirical evidence† complete with line graphs stating what her â€Å"findings† were. From here the essay becomes a muddled mess of pseudo-scientific jargon that the reader has no choice other than to believe it because the values and empirical methods used are inadequately introduced or explained and therefore difficult to refute. The problem is, even at the end of the essay, it is unclear whether or not Rasler has succeeded in proving or completing undermining her own hypothesis. Certainly she has revealed some interesting findings, but largely it seems to be not exactly what she thought she was going to unveil. There are several problems with the way this essay presents Rasler’s â€Å"findings† and with the source material in general. First of all, I will address more of what I have previously mentioned: the equations Rasler uses to find her â€Å"empirical evidence† measure such things as social polarization, domestic cooperation, impact of military intervention, and totals of domestic conflict, just to name a few. But never at any point in time does Rasler dedicate any extensive analysis in her essay to an explanation of where exactly these initial figures and statistics (which then got plugged into strange, little-explained equations) came from. It seems as if she pulls these numbers out of thin air, which automatically discredits any of her â€Å"research† because there is no standard for where these numbers came from, how they were initially reported and gathered, what they are measuring to determine things like â€Å"conflicts,† etc. For example, Rasler spends a great deal of time discussing how conflicts were on the decline before Syrian military occupation, and then the amount of conflicts spiked up again immediately following the occupation, only to decrease again to levels lower than before. My question is: how is the idea of â€Å"conflict† being qualified? Is â€Å"conflict† the number of reported incidents of violence in the area? Does it deal with casualties? How exactly is the quantifiable â€Å"amount† of â€Å"conflict† being measured, exactly? But this is never discussed, which means these numbers could just as easily be fabricated and completely arbitrary for all the weight they carry with them. Not only that, but the pages and pages of jargon that follow an otherwise engaging introduction to the study and the greater questions at hand make it impenetrable for the common non-career-scientist reader. It is off-putting and kind of come across almost as if Rasler is saying, â€Å"If it sounds smart enough, no one will question it. † Another problem I see with this, and Rasler herself even addresses it, is that this one solitary conflict cannot possibly account for or be representative of all other conflicts similar to it in which external intervention is sought to ease internal conflict. And even though Rasler does indeed point this out, I feel it is necessary to reiterate because of the framework of the essay. Rasler speaks in terms of generalizations about external military occupations and what their long-term effects are on the country and government, speaking of the importance of a longitudinal study to really dig deeper into those issues. And I agree, wholeheartedly, especially after the way she presented all of it. Which is exactly why this study needed to go so much further than just delving into the details of this one isolated conflict in order to really carry with it any weight or credibility. As far as I’m concerned, this â€Å"study† is really only the beginning of what needs to be a large-scale study to really effectively address the questions being raised. Another issue I took with this particular case study is the idea that 6 years’ time, especially when the conflict is still continuing (in southern Lebanon where Syrian forces cannot invade without threat of Israeli invasion), might not be enough time for an appropriate longitudinal study to be conducted. To really study the long-term reverberating effects on the people and the government, my guess would be that more time would have to pass first. Overall, I believe Rasler’s essay made some interesting points and observations, and was written in an engaging way (when not swallowed up by scientific jargon). However, I think there are some severe errors in her empirical methods that render much of her â€Å"findings† meaningless, and in order for this to be an effective study on the issue of external intervention in civil war conflicts, it needs to be much more all-encompassing and at least provide a series of examples to cross-reference.

Globalization and Everyday Life Essay

Globalization and Everyday Life Geographic boarders of nation states become less relevant as beliefs, traditions, and customs permeate and are accepted, practiced, and implemented across various societies and cultural arenas. Globalism deals with issues on a geopolitical scope and scale, in which the influence of one culture effects, directly or indirectly, affects the dynamic of other cultures or societies. The evolution of communication and travel has brought down the logistical barriers, once imposed by these forms of communication. Globalizations effects give our collective existence a new perspective and sheds light on both the positive and negative implications of individual and collective actions. Sociologists and governments can no longer ignore smaller or what they deemed to be insignificant components in the framework of globalization. A prime example, as illustrated in the text, is the international trade and commerce. If we Americans analyzed everything we own or buy, we would probably realize that >50 percent of these material goods are produced in other areas of the world. Globalization and Mass Media Everyone’s life is influenced by everyone else. Globalization of mass media has had a dramatic influence on in many cultures. One need not visit or live in a certain part of the world to emulate or adopt styles, behaviors, or traditions of another culture. The stronger the global ties becomes between various cultures the more interdependent they become. Commodities and Globalization The first example covered in the text, with regards to globalization, is coffee production and consumption. We as Americans consume 1/5 of the world’s production of coffee. Coffee is the centerpiece of many social settings and gatherings. It is incorporated into our daily activities as commonly as we brush our teeth in the morning. This commodity is usually produced in some of the poorest countries in the world. The people of these countries can be directly dependent on the benefits derived from the sale of  the coffee bean. If we as Americans decided to drink more water and less coffee we could directly impact the livelihoods of thousands of people. The small example elucidates the dramatic potential effects of globalization. Globalization and Entertainment The cross cultural availability of music, movies, books, and other forms of entertainment has had dramatic effects on many societies and cultures. Artists from different countries can collaborate through many means of communications; internet, satellite feeds, etc. to produce music that has an international blend or flair. This new music can influence moods and behaviors. Stimulation from sales can effectively change an individual’s financial situation, which could change their whole social dynamic. Globalism and International Tourism and Travel Many years ago the majority of people traveled of necessity and not recreation, because of the related expense, hassle, and danger involved. With the modernization of travel people can virtually come and go as they please. Traveling brings about the socialization and societal interaction. Friendships, business, and familial alliances can be the result. This facet of globalization can have dramatic economic influences, which can change people’s lives dramatically. Travel brings people together. The after-result of these encounters can be either positive or negative. Either way, globalization provides the medium for such changes. And the experiences can enrich a person and bring cultural awareness to the forefront. Globalization and Drug Trafficking The influences and availability of illicit drugs has been impacted by globalization. The untoward said effects of such activities are witnessed every day. Millions of dollars are spent and made, both in trying to prevent and in the sale of illegal drugs. The social costs can be equally as high. Murder, robbery, assault, and a death, can be direct or indirect consequences of such actions. These problems affect not only the people  directly involved, but also affect people indirectly. If the crime in one area necessitates an increased police presence, my city taxes may go up. If my costs go up I have less to spend on things for myself, such as new shoes. The people that depend on me to buy new shoes feel the secondary economic impact of this scenario. This small process, when magnified on a grander scale, can affect thousands of people across the globe. Throughout the text additional topics are discussed concerning and globalization and everyday life. The women’s movement, immigration, democracy, deindustrialization, and education, just a list of few, are some of the themes discussed. All of these factors play key roles in the evolution of globalization. Each helps to create changes in social interactions between individuals and entire societies. The positive and untoward effects of globalization will forever change the way in which we act and react to changes that occur in our lives as we continue to exist on a planet that is in a constant state of social flux.

The story in the film of Mulan is based on a Chinese folktale and set in 15th century China Essays

The story in the film of Mulan is based on a Chinese folktale and set in 15th century China Essays The story in the film of Mulan is based on a Chinese folktale and set in 15th century China Paper The story in the film of Mulan is based on a Chinese folktale and set in 15th century China Paper and it shows that she has not yet found who she is. According to the article, Woman Warrior, the authors notes, How can [Mulan] be a dutiful Chinese daughter and still be true to herself? (Corie and Laura 65). However, there is a conflict in Mulans mind; if she were truly to be herself, she possibly would break her familys fame and heart. Actually, Mulan wants to be herself and earn honor to her family (Cue 48). In my opinion, Mulan is a filial and considerate girl; she decides to take her fathers place by disguising a man and to save her fathers life because of his weak health (Cue 48). On the other hand, the step of transformation to be a soldier is difficult to her when she becomes a cross-dresser; however, she is not accepted because she is the weakest of all the men. But she never has thought of giving up; she works harder and practices more at night until she is strong enough to be equal with men (Corie and Laura 65). From the scene, Mulan shows that women also can do everything that men are doing. Moreover, she wins everyones respect . In addition, in the article inChicago Sun-Times, the author says that the film doesnt follow the traditional scene about male hero rescues the heroine (Eber 2). There is a scene about Mulan uses her wit to defeat the Huns and to save Shangs life. He says to Mulan, You have my trust, [Mulan], the bravest man of all; it shows that Shang sees her as better than other soldiers. However, when Shang and others find out that Mulan is a woman, Shang changes his attitude and turns back on her even though she rescues him. Maybe Shang feels lost his face because a woman saves his life. The scene shows the issue of gender role in Chinese values; most men in Asian usually cant accept that women have better capability than mens. In other words, the scene also shows that even when a woman can outsmart men and be as strong and brave as they are, men still cant accept her equally. On the other hand, when Mulan discovers that the Huns didnt die and then she wants to warn Shang; however, soldiers and Shang dont listen to her warning at all, because she is a woman. The custom and law have reinforced gender roles. At the end of film, Mulan makes it to earn the emperor and other peoples respect. The scene shows that Mualn comes home and hands her father the sword of the enemy and the honor gift that the emperor gave. However, her grandmother thinks that it is better to bring a husband, even though she is successful to bring great fame to her family. It shows that women are capable of doing what men can do, and to be good daughters at home. Nevertheless, women are also expected to find ideal men with good marriage. In other words, the message of the film makes me feel that it is important for women to be yourself, to be equal to men; women still have to follow the traditional roles of being a wife and mother. In conclusion, Bonnie thinks, courage, family values and determination are all prominent themes touched upon in this film (48). Moreover, In the article in SpiritualityHealth , the authors thinks that the film is filled with the notions of Confucianism, esteem older people and pledge loyalty to country(1). In my opinion, I strongly agree with Bonnie : That nothing is impossible for a girl if she sets her mind to it. Mulan struggles to win respect, not only for herself but for women of all times (48). As long as you have determination to do everything, you still can make it no matter you are just a little girl or women. Most importantly, it is good to be yourself and to be equal with men, and they also can devote themslves to their country as well as men do. Women should have confidence to find their true identitis.

Designing an effective training program for a Business.

Designing an effective training program for a Business. In order for training to be effective, it must be coordinated with the company'soverall objectives. At the same time, it is important to design a training program that will allow employees to fulfill their personal goals. There are five steps that I would take to create an effective systems approach to training that recognizes both of these needs: make a needs assesment, develop instructional objectives, foster a learning environment, develop learning expectancies, and finally, develop a system to evaluate the training. These steps make up the systems approach to training, which has recently become popular due to its effectiveness.As a human resource director for a new company, I would first assess the needs of both the organization and the person. To assess the needs of the new organization, I would conduct interviews with each department managerand the president. In the interviews with the new managers, they would identify the skills that an employee needs to perform his/her duties , called a task analysis.OJT PosterThis analysis would aid me in determining the content of the training program and hopefully gain the managers' approval. Next, I would interview the president of the company. He or she would tell me the strategy and mission of the company. It is important that the training program is tied into the organizational strategy. For instance, it would be unnecessary to train an employee in advanced computer applications when the organizational strategy revolves around relationship selling. Person analysis is also an important step, as I would not want to train an employee who is not capable of, or who already knows, the task.Next, I would develop the instructional objectives, or desired outcomes, of the training program. This 'end to beginning' approach of setting the desired results before designing the program will provide a basis for...

How to Answer the Whats Your Perfect Day Interview Question

How to Answer the Whats Your Perfect Day Interview Question Recently, it came out that Facebook’s head recruiter’s favorite interview question to ask is more like a personal essay question. â€Å"On your very best day at work- the day you come home and think you have the best job in the world- what did you do that day?† Now that this is making the viral rounds, don’t be surprised to hear it in your non-Facebook interviews as well. Here are some tips for breaking the question down and being ready to pounce on it. If you have a upcoming job interview, make sure to go over these 10 toughest interview questions.DO understand what the question is probing.This is a test to see what you value and prioritize in your work life. Your perfect workday is what you want to achieve- just on a more micro level than the ol’ â€Å"Where do you see yourself in five years?† question.DON’T take it literally.Don’t take the interviewer through your teeth-brushing, your miraculously easy commute, your cappuccin o waiting on your desk when you get to the office.   Consider it more of a highlight reel of the best moments of that ideal day.DO tailor your answer to this job.This isn’t the place to debut your fantasy career as a tennis pro. If the job you’re interviewing for includes managing a team, talk about how the day includes productive meetings with your squad (leadership skills). If you’ll be in a marketing role, talk about how the day would include a breakthrough by using a new form of digital media (tech-savvy skills and being results oriented).   This question is a great way to wave your passion points in with the skills you want to emphasize in the interview.DON’T make a joke out of it.This is a legitimate question, and the interviewer wants a sincere answer. It might be tempting to say that your perfect day involves skipping work and sipping fruity drinks poolside. Resist that urge.DO include specifics.You can use your own professional goals to creat e specific scenarios that would make you feel fulfilled. But again- make sure this matches up to the job description. If you have a particular goal, especially one that aligns with the job for which you’re interviewing, work that in here.DON’T spin an epic story.Keep it brief, like 2-3 points. Hint: if you start including characters with backstory, you’ve gone too far. Never forget that you’re in a job interview, not a casual conversation.DO be authentic.If you’re passionate about an aspect of your career, here is an excellent chance to gush about it. The interviewer is trying to gauge your personal relationship to your job, and this question is an opportunity to show how connected and committed you can be.As interview questions go, this one is actually a pretty useful one to consider for your general career goals. Long before you step into any interview, you should know what makes you tick, professionally. And being able to focus in on that in an interview will make you a stronger, more confident candidate.

Individual Employment Law under Family And Friendly Right Coursework

Individual Employment Law under Family And Friendly Right - Coursework Example The same law applies to the case of Bruce who believes he has all the rights to take an emergency leave and still not face a disciplinary action. Bruce has the right to take care of his family. Being an employee of the Royal Mail for over fifteen years, his potential is worth being realized by the employer. The respective committee should not take his misfortunes, which rendered him to take an emergency leave as the root to any disciplinary actions against him. First, it should be understood that uncertainties can happen at any given point in life, which would certainly interfere with any person’s schedule of activities and their job as well. In this case, having to take his wife, Mary, to the hospital or even offer care to her, due to her serious illness, should not be mistaken for any other cause of the absence. Further, before leaving, he went ahead to leave a short notice about his intention to take the leave (Farnham 2000). The law provides for any employee, the right to get some time off or a leave, in the case of illnesses or the need to carry out other responsibilities, which may be proven crucial on the basis of such provisions. However, despite the given notice to his organization regarding his short leave, the best he could do was to consider the greater priority between the job, and taking care of the family emergency (Dale 2000). He could possibly have adjusted to the situation, since her mother, who would have accompanied his wife to the hospital, got ill. Since this happened, there was no option left for him but to take on the situation forgoing the time and the responsibilities he would have spent at work. However, the best thing for Bruce to do was to make adjustments regarding the laid down plans known to the employers. This he did by calling the line manager the soonest possible. However, the act on medical leave, gives an allowance for all eligible workers, to take a leave of up to twelve weeks every year, without any fears of discipl inary actions such as losing their jobs. This leave provision applies to those organizations with fifty employees or more, working within the same location of the employee seeking the leave. This may have been ignored, when the decision to punish Bruce for his change of plans by extending his leave, was taken. The leave also applies to those workers, who have spend more than twelve months with an employee, or at least twelve months; registered working hours of at least 1,250 hours a year, before the time of taking the leave according to Lewis (2008). Based on the Act provisions discussed through this source, Bruce is qualified for this leave, since he had been working with Royal Mail for over 15 years. The same act has its scope with which to protect. There are certain circumstances that are covered by the Family and Medical Leave Act. Beyond such circumstances, his employee could impose a penalty on the person taking his time off from work accordingly. Such circumstances include th e birth of a child or its adoption, the care of a child belonging to the employee, care for his or her spouse or parent. These have to be in a serious medical condition for the employee to deserve the leave. It could also be done if the employee has some serious medical c

Operations Management Principles Bachelor Essay

Operations Management Principles Bachelor - Essay Example Printer and its Toner has to be optimized. In manufacturing, APS gives a methodology of concurrent synchronization of material and capacity with customer orders. (Advanced Planning and Scheduling- APS) With APS to be used is also Lead Time Management, which is the time between the start of a process and its completion. In planning parlance, the lead-time is usually an estimated time. As the plant's finished product consists of Printer and Toner, though different categories of products, but one item is the consumable product of the other. For printer, the toner is the consumable item and as such a printer will be of no use until it is loaded with the Toner. Hence the model of Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment -- CPFR will be useful which provides customer level visibility across the supply chain in order to attain the inventory reductions, revenue lift and cost reductions which remain the final objectives of collaborative initiatives. The solution meets limited materials and production planning against controlled and uncontrolled demand plans to the meet the normal goals of profitability, productivity, competitive customer lead times, and backlog levels.

Assess the impact of re-introducing rent control on the market for Essay

Assess the impact of re-introducing rent control on the market for housing - Essay Example However, these challenges did not last for long as the abolishment of the controls and execution of short-hold tenancy resulted to a rejuvenation of the private rented sector that continues to develop even today. Essentially, critics such as George Osborne and Assar have a rational foundation to their arguments, as most people would agree that setting prices lower than those the property owners would charge could make the economy less appealing, especially for the investors (Sloman&Garrat, 2012). However, the are other influences of rent control different from the common observation and conception that elimination of the controls is more efficient as it could provide a more desirable housing market for potential investors. Rent controls and any adjustments to the tenure legislations could influence the housing market in multiple ways but there is always a risk of overlooking other essential aspects that also have considerable effects on the development of the economy. Relative to a glance on history, instigated rent controls in the United Kingdom varied from a straightforward freeze during the world wars to fair rents regimes in the sixties aimed at removing the impact of scarcity in the ren tal market. The initial step was an increase of Rent and Mortgage Interest Act of 1915 limiting rents for unfurnished homes (for the working class) to specific levels at the beginning of the war in 1914(Glaeser&Luttmer, 2003). Typically, the regulation of rent in the United Kingdom has had vast challenges in the past even with the main objective revolving around ideas such as advocating for affordability. Moreover, the short-range act introduced prior to the World War 1, mysteriously managed to be in place up to the late 1980s making people more alert of proposals such as the one by the Labor Party. Resolutely, this essay focuses on explicating effects of re-introducing rent control on the market for housing based

Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crisis - Essay Example pying mechanism as the person undergoing such a phase is unable to perform normally and require intervention to reclaim the state of equilibrium (Kanel, 2011). Crisis intervention, based on psychiatrist medication, helps when people are at the state of crisis, need motivation for adapting the changes, deciphering higher than natural anxiety and need help. To be noted in this regards, psychotropic medication is generally termed as the process of prescribing drugs, which are used for treating and managing the challenging behavioral or psychiatric symptoms in individuals undergoing crisis. This medication process emphasizes specific classes like antidepressants and antipsychotics. It is in this context that such a process acts in the betterment of the patient’s health status. On the contrary, deinstitutionalization affects towards crisis intervention, as it often results in creating mental illness crisis with discharging individuals from the ‘Public Psychiatric Hospital’ before complete further rehabilitation and medication, which are necessary to grow their independent living capability in the community. In the real terms deinstitutionalization process is criticized owing to the fact that it fails to assist effective deliverance of medical assistance to individuals undergoing crisis and thus, acting against psychotropic medication (Kanel,

Magnetic resonance imaging Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Magnetic resonance imaging - Assignment Example 2001). MRI is used to measure tissue perfusion through the use of different techniques such as arterial sin labelling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrasting imaging (DSC-MRI). DSC is based on injected contrast agent use that changes the blood’s magnetic susceptibility, thus, producing a MR signal continually measured throughout the bolus passage (Petrella & Provenzale 2000). ASL, on the other hand, is whereby before the arterial blood enters into the tissue to be assessed, it is magnetically tagged, and consequently, the labelling amount is measured and compared to a blank recording achieved without spin labelling. Currently, MRI is a powerful tool in a clinical setting for evaluation of brain anatomy, which is achieved via a number of metabolic or functional assessments. MRI perfusion is a technique used to measure cerebral perfusion non-invasively via several hemodynamic measurements assessments including cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood, volume, and meant transit t ime. This technique plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment cerebrovascular disease patients, as well as patients with other brain disorders (Petrella & Provenzale 2000). ... Exogenous Tracers Exogenous is a model of MR perfusion, which assumes that the tracer does not diffuse into the outer cellular space because it is constrained in the intravascular compartment. In this model imaging can either be performed dynamically or in a steady state. Dynamic imaging utilizes transient fluctuations in local magnetic field of the tissues in the surrounding that are induced by paramagnetic tracer bolus passing through the capillary network of the organ. The local magnetic field changes can be measured as signal fluctuations on MR imaging. Accurate measurements are enabled by Ultrafast imaging methods such as spiral MR and echoplanar imaging, which measures differing signal changes that occur rapidly (Ostergaard, et al. 1996). Data from the signal-time course is then changed to relative tracer tissue data from the concentration-time course. This results in tracer concentration-time curve that can be evaluated to establish different parameters of hemodynamic tissues such as blood flow, transit time, tissue blood volume and bolus arrival time. The hemodynamic parameters mentioned above are influenced by features of the bolus injection such as the injection rate, contrast agent paramagnetic properties, the amount of injected contrast material among others. Furthermore, these parameters rely on variables inside the subject under imaging, which are cardiac output and vascular volume of total-body (Buxton, et al. 1996). Therefore, it is not possible to compare the parameters between varied subjects, and at different times they may even cause variation on examination of the same subject. Nevertheless, there is an internal standard of reference,

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The vast existing literature based on strategic management reflects both these perspectives from the firm’s point of view. The traditional economic theories embrace the firm’s resource position while conceptualizing strategies to be adopted by the firm (Andrews, 1971). On the other hand, a majority of the formal tools used in economics nowadays emphasize upon the product-market facet of a firm. Although these are two different perspectives of studying a firm’s resource position and its market activities, these are both focused on the role of resources used by the firm in determining its strategic decisions. Hence, one might expect to yield the same insight on following either of these two perspectives of the resource based view of a corporate organization. However, these insights might arrive with differing levels of ease, depending on which perspective the analyst has chosen. Literature review Economists traditionally consider economic units (firms) in terms of the resource endowments each firm has. These resource endowments are typically confined to three factors, namely, land, labour and capital. Authors that espouse the resource based perspective of the firm accredit Edith Tilton Penrose for laying the building blocks of this theory (Rugman and Verbeke, 2002). Penrose (1959) has made direct contributions to develop the modern view of resource based management. She has as well indirectly influenced the proposition by contributing further into these theories; the theory of creating competitive advantage, theory of sustaining the competitive advantage for the firm and the relationship between economic rents and competitive advantage (Penrose, 1959). There are debates regarding the work by Penrose. Rugman and Verbeke (2002) have put forth the argument that Penrose’s work was not aimed at providing strategy prescriptions for the creation of a sustainable flow of rents. The ideas put forth by Penrose have been used by several scholars as the foundation for models depicting the relationship between rents and competitive advantage of firms and they emphasise that this relationship plays a significant role in the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage. However, the argument against the espousing of the resource-based view (RBV) of Penrose by these scholars, is that, she had given a rigorous description of the growth process of firms in her works and did not intend to build up a strategy prescription for firms (Rugman and Verbeke, 2002). Till 1984, when Wernerfelt presented his work ‘A resource-based view of the Firm’ this perspective of looking at firms did not become well accustomed with economists and analysts. While other papers did not yet receive much formal attention, the paper by Penrose (1959) had received wide acclamation from contemporary and modern economists. According to Wernerfelt (1984), some of the resources used in firms have certain properties that are unpleasant and unhelpfu l for modelling purposes. Due to this reason economists might not have considered these resources as a good measure for strategizing competitive advantage of firms’. While products of a firm are easy to identify and the characteristics of their production and sales can be categorised and measured easily, a firm’

Magnetic resonance imaging Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Magnetic resonance imaging - Assignment Example 2001). MRI is used to measure tissue perfusion through the use of different techniques such as arterial sin labelling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrasting imaging (DSC-MRI). DSC is based on injected contrast agent use that changes the blood’s magnetic susceptibility, thus, producing a MR signal continually measured throughout the bolus passage (Petrella & Provenzale 2000). ASL, on the other hand, is whereby before the arterial blood enters into the tissue to be assessed, it is magnetically tagged, and consequently, the labelling amount is measured and compared to a blank recording achieved without spin labelling. Currently, MRI is a powerful tool in a clinical setting for evaluation of brain anatomy, which is achieved via a number of metabolic or functional assessments. MRI perfusion is a technique used to measure cerebral perfusion non-invasively via several hemodynamic measurements assessments including cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood, volume, and meant transit t ime. This technique plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment cerebrovascular disease patients, as well as patients with other brain disorders (Petrella & Provenzale 2000). ... Exogenous Tracers Exogenous is a model of MR perfusion, which assumes that the tracer does not diffuse into the outer cellular space because it is constrained in the intravascular compartment. In this model imaging can either be performed dynamically or in a steady state. Dynamic imaging utilizes transient fluctuations in local magnetic field of the tissues in the surrounding that are induced by paramagnetic tracer bolus passing through the capillary network of the organ. The local magnetic field changes can be measured as signal fluctuations on MR imaging. Accurate measurements are enabled by Ultrafast imaging methods such as spiral MR and echoplanar imaging, which measures differing signal changes that occur rapidly (Ostergaard, et al. 1996). Data from the signal-time course is then changed to relative tracer tissue data from the concentration-time course. This results in tracer concentration-time curve that can be evaluated to establish different parameters of hemodynamic tissues such as blood flow, transit time, tissue blood volume and bolus arrival time. The hemodynamic parameters mentioned above are influenced by features of the bolus injection such as the injection rate, contrast agent paramagnetic properties, the amount of injected contrast material among others. Furthermore, these parameters rely on variables inside the subject under imaging, which are cardiac output and vascular volume of total-body (Buxton, et al. 1996). Therefore, it is not possible to compare the parameters between varied subjects, and at different times they may even cause variation on examination of the same subject. Nevertheless, there is an internal standard of reference,

US Weaponry advances in the Late 1800's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US Weaponry advances in the Late 1800's - Essay Example The bullet was driven out of the muzzle at a velocity of about 1,200 feet per second, and it could travel more than 1,000 yards. In 1874, the U.S. Army also used the Colt single action Army revolver. This pistol fired six .45-caliber cartridges. The effective range of the Colt revolver dropped off rapidly over 60 yards. During the campaign, the Army employed various kinds of artillery as well. Colonel Nelson A. Miles, for example, had two Gatling guns that fired a .50 caliber bullet. The Gatling gun was capable of firing up to 300 rounds per minute. At the Battle of Red River on August 30, 1874, Col. Nelson Miles used the Gatling against the Southern Cheyenne—the first time the gun was used in combat west of the Mississippi River. Miles also brought along a 10-pounder Parrott rifle, which was actually a small cannon. The Parrott rifle fired a shell that measured 8.8 inches long by 2.86 in diameter. The shell exploded upon impact and the shell casing became the shrapnel. The maximum range of the 10-pounder Parrott rifle at five degrees elevation was about 2,000 yards. 1 By 1877 "Bulldog" was the first Gatling gun to feature a fully enclosed bronze housing over the barrels and breech. The "Bulldog" was a five-barrel .45 cal. tripod mounted weapon. A few were mounted on a light cavalry cart. A rear mounting hand crank permitted a very high rate of fire of up to 1,000 spm(single point mooring), almost twice the rate of a typical World War II machine gun. By 1889, it was a ten-barrel .45 cal. gun fully encased in a bronze jacket. A side mounting hand crank produced a rate of fire of up to 800 spm, but could be rear mounted to increase the rate up to 1,500 spm. Internal components were strengthened to withstand the punishment from the higher rate of fire. This model had a new flexible yoke that permitted a wider angle of traverse and elevation than

Business Ethics Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics Essay What is ethics? What are some common ethical types? Why do business people need it? Can ethics be taught to people? Ethics is a study of morality, stems from the ancient Greek â€Å"ethos† meaning custom or habit. It is a study of theories concerning what is good and evil in human conduct. There is no particular set of laws defining what is ethical and what is not, because there is no right or wrong answer. The second sense of ethics speak of â€Å"codes of ethics†, which are a set of rules serve as guidance to people, often in fields of professions such as business or medical. Ethical contrasts with unethical, which goes against the codes of ethics. There are several ethical theories in Western philosophy. Many of them look at the fruits of one’s action – categorized under Consequentialism, while other theories uphold one’s right and duty, which is Deontology. Consequentialism pertains to cost and benefits. It deals with the results and consequences of performing or not performing an action. For example: If war brings more good (money, oil, labor) than bad (casualties) then it is ethical. Some consequentialist theories are utilitarianism and ethical egoism. Utilitarianism, according to Bentham and Mill, the right action is which creates the greatest good for the greatest number. People should ask what action would promote the greatest amount of happiness for people who are affected. For example: a utilitarian would say euthanasia is ethical if that would bring satisfaction to the suffering patient and financial relief to the family. Ethical egoism, according to Ayn Rand, says we should do what is purely in our best interest, as opposed to altruism. It promotes one’s well-being above others. Meanwhile deontology pertains to rights, duties or obligations. It concerns the morality of the action that is being performed (or not performed) rather than the results deriving from said action. In Kantian deontology, he promotes the Golden rules (don’t steal, don’t lie, don’t commit suicide) which are absolute rules that one must follow no matter what. Therefore it would be unethical to steal food even if it is for a dying person. In Lockean deontology, John Lock believes each individual is entitled to natural rights, such as right to live, right to freedom, right o pursue happiness, ect. Another theory is virtual ethics, which is similar to Confucianism, in that a person’s virtues are habits and characteristics that one exhibits. Business people need ethics because it helps prevent malpractices and corruptions. Business practitioners should refer to business codes of conduct as a guide to maintain good business practices that help safeguarding customer confidence, rights and satisfactions; protecting employees and shareholders’ interests and legal rights; and upholding healthy competitions among businesses. According to Socrates, ethics are what people ought to do and it can be taught. Psychologists also argue that a person’s ability to deal with moral issues is not formed since birth but develop gradually. I personally think a person’s moral can be shaped and that ethics should be taught, because without it we are left with a generation full of confused individuals whom are unable to comprehend and decide what right and what is wrong. That said, ethics should not be forced on people but should only serve as a guide and advisor. Because there is no uniform set of rules for ethics, it is subjective to the psycho-demographic and geographic of the teachers. A new learner should be given space to assess and confirm what he believes is right and wrong for himself. 2/ What is an argument? What makes it valid/invalid, sound/unsound, good/ bad, â€Å"true†? An argument is a collection of statements or propositions, including premises and conclusions, in an attempt to persuade another that the conclusion is true. The premises are intended to provide support and evidence in favor to the speaker’s stance, and in some cases they don’t success. There can be an indefinite number of premises, while there needs to be at least one conclusion. Conclusions are statements about the point the argument is trying to make. An argument needs to base on logic, in order to avoid logical fallacies (such as slippery slope argument) which make an argument bad, invalid or unsound. An argument is valid, or colloquially speaking, is good if the premises give logical and true reasons to prove that the conclusion is true. It is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false, or if the conclusion follows from the premises in a logical way.

Essay on Escape Mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie -- Glass Menagerie e

Escape Mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚   In Tennessee Williams' play, The Glass Menagerie, each character attempts to escape the real world by creating their own â€Å"reality†. Laura hides from the world by magnifying her illness. Tom convinces himself that his needs supersede the needs of his family. Amanda focuses almost exclusively on the past - when she saw herself as a desirable southern belle. Even Jim focus his hopes on recapturing his good old high school days. Each character transposes their difficult situations into shadows of the truth.   Laura, our fragile daughter-figure, finds herself escaping life at every turn. She induces sickness in her typing class and even as the Gentleman Caller awaits her in the livingroom. Unable to deal with those difficulties, Laura goes to the zoo and walks aimlessly around the city to waste time. Frightened of interacting with people, she looks to her collection of glass animals as a place of secure acceptance. Laura clings to the fear that she is strange and crippled though she herself exacerbates the reality of that. Magnifying ...

Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women Essays

These days it is easy to read on the internet about a woman who has been beaten by her professional athlete husband or her boyfriend. Thousands of women are mistreated, or even murdered, each year and these deaths are increasing. However, although this is the main problem in our society,there are other kinds of domestic violence that not many people know but they have the same importance. In this essay I intent to give a definition of domestic violence and explain the main kinds of abuses.I will also suggest some possible solutions to diminish or to eliminate this problem and I will show some domestic indicators. I intend to argue some unhelpful behaviours and to finish I will discuss the effects of domestic violence in children. The term family violence includes all forms of violence within families. It is commonly used to describe the abuse women suffer at the hands of their male partners, but it is also used to mean family violence. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, psychological, social or economic. Domestic violence is a hidden problem. It occurs in the privacy of a home, and those involved are usually reluctant to talk about it. The overwhelming majority are women and children who are more vulnerable. There are a lot of kinds of domestic violence such as physical abuse, verbal/emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual abuse, social abuse or spiritual abuse. The first kind is physical and verbal/emotioonal abuse. This is produced when any action intended to degrade, humiliate and demean, both in public or private, including threats to injure or otherwise harm, the partner or the children; putting one's partner down and making them feel bad about themselves and their abilities; treating one's partner like a servant; abuser making decisions regarding partner's financial status, free time, friendships, work and leisure activities. This constant humiliation will destroy a woman's belief in herself and she may start to believe that she's worthless, that the violence is her fault. Verbal abuse also includes threats of physical violence and violent verbal outbursts. Economic abuse occurs where the man has total control over all financial resources. The woman may have to beg for money to buy necessities and when it is given, it may often be insufficient. She is then criticised for being stupid and incompetent in failing to provide adequately with t... ...y wants to admit any bad apparitions in the society what causes more harm to the victims. There are also people who believe that if it even exists it can't be that bad. They just deny it. To conclud, just recently people started to talk about this problem in public. The newspapers publish articles concerning the different forms of domestic violence. Some people who were in contact with victims of the violence have tried to help them by opening help - centres, organizations and institutions, which support the victims by giving them some kind of safety and which encourage them to talk about that. The SOS - telephone is very important, because it is available 24 hours a day and because the anonymity they guarantee. People feel free to call them and ask for help. There are only a few centres like this and that is not enough, but the government doesn't have the required money. For my part, I feel that there is NO excuse for any kind of violence. Violence is never an acceptable method of solving conflicts in relationships, nor do partners have a legal right to assault each other, whatever they may claim to have been the 'provocation'. Nobody asks for, or deserves to be, abused. Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women Essays These days it is easy to read on the internet about a woman who has been beaten by her professional athlete husband or her boyfriend. Thousands of women are mistreated, or even murdered, each year and these deaths are increasing. However, although this is the main problem in our society,there are other kinds of domestic violence that not many people know but they have the same importance. In this essay I intent to give a definition of domestic violence and explain the main kinds of abuses.I will also suggest some possible solutions to diminish or to eliminate this problem and I will show some domestic indicators. I intend to argue some unhelpful behaviours and to finish I will discuss the effects of domestic violence in children. The term family violence includes all forms of violence within families. It is commonly used to describe the abuse women suffer at the hands of their male partners, but it is also used to mean family violence. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, psychological, social or economic. Domestic violence is a hidden problem. It occurs in the privacy of a home, and those involved are usually reluctant to talk about it. The overwhelming majority are women and children who are more vulnerable. There are a lot of kinds of domestic violence such as physical abuse, verbal/emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual abuse, social abuse or spiritual abuse. The first kind is physical and verbal/emotioonal abuse. This is produced when any action intended to degrade, humiliate and demean, both in public or private, including threats to injure or otherwise harm, the partner or the children; putting one's partner down and making them feel bad about themselves and their abilities; treating one's partner like a servant; abuser making decisions regarding partner's financial status, free time, friendships, work and leisure activities. This constant humiliation will destroy a woman's belief in herself and she may start to believe that she's worthless, that the violence is her fault. Verbal abuse also includes threats of physical violence and violent verbal outbursts. Economic abuse occurs where the man has total control over all financial resources. The woman may have to beg for money to buy necessities and when it is given, it may often be insufficient. She is then criticised for being stupid and incompetent in failing to provide adequately with t... ...y wants to admit any bad apparitions in the society what causes more harm to the victims. There are also people who believe that if it even exists it can't be that bad. They just deny it. To conclud, just recently people started to talk about this problem in public. The newspapers publish articles concerning the different forms of domestic violence. Some people who were in contact with victims of the violence have tried to help them by opening help - centres, organizations and institutions, which support the victims by giving them some kind of safety and which encourage them to talk about that. The SOS - telephone is very important, because it is available 24 hours a day and because the anonymity they guarantee. People feel free to call them and ask for help. There are only a few centres like this and that is not enough, but the government doesn't have the required money. For my part, I feel that there is NO excuse for any kind of violence. Violence is never an acceptable method of solving conflicts in relationships, nor do partners have a legal right to assault each other, whatever they may claim to have been the 'provocation'. Nobody asks for, or deserves to be, abused.

Physics Lab Safety Booklet Example Essay

Why Is Laboratory Safety Important? Lab Safety is important because a safe work space, is a productive work space. When everyone follows all rules and regulations the assignment will get done and no one will be hurt. Some of the chemicals and substances can be harmful if used incorrectly, so there all certain ways we protect ourselves. Lab Safety Symbols This is the fire symbol, it means something is flammable. So keep it away from flames or it will catch on fire. This symbol is for toxic or poisonous chemicals. Safety procedures are to protect you and others also in the lab. Safety Symbols continued The symbol below means that a chemical or substance is corrosive, which means that is can cause visible disintegration of human tissue or any other substances or materials it may come in contact with. These two symbols mean that a substance or a chemical have dangerous fumes. Those fumes will harm you if inhaled. These three symbols are the different types of radioactive symbols you might see. Radioactive waste can harm both humans and the environment, so handle with care. Lab Safety Equipment These are goggles, they are use to protect the eyes. Gloves (below) are used to protect the hands. ï ¿ ¼Safety Equipment cont. This is a lab apron. It is used to protect the clothing from spills, chemicals or substances that might go through the clothes and damage skin. ï ¿ ¼ Measuring Instruments This is a triple beam balance. It measures mass in grams. This is a graduated cylinder, it measures volume in milliliters. This is a ruler, it measures length in both centimeters and inches. ï ¿ ¼Safety Rules This is a fire blanket, it is used when a persons hair or article of clothing catches fire. This is a safety shower with an eye wash station built in. If you ever get anything in your eyes, go swiftly over to the eye wash station , turn in on and hold open your eyelids and let keep using it for 15 to 20 minutes.

Compare/Contrast of the Movie and the Book Night of the Twisters

There were many differences between the book and movie. One of the differences in the movie is there is a tornado tracker guy gets information on the tornado, but in the book there isn’t a tornado tracker guy. In the movie, Stacey doesn’t help get Dan ad Arthur out of the basement out of the basement, but in the book, she does. In the movie, the Mom doesn’t give instructions to Dan and Arthur, but in the book she does. In the movie, when Mom leaves the house, she’s checking if Grandmas okay, but in the book, she checks on Mrs. Smiley. In the book, Mrs. Smiley is one of the characters, but in the movie, she isn’t one of the characters. In the book, Dan drives the police car, but in the movie, Dan drives through roadblocks to get to Grandma. In the movie, the Dad got stuck under a car and got rescued, but in the book, the Dad never got stuck under a car. In the movie, Dan sneaks into the car when the Dad is looking for the Mom, but in the book, that doesn’t happen. In the movie, Dan has an earring, but in the book, he doesn’t. In the movie, Grandma dies, but in the book, Mrs. Smiley dies. In the movie, when the family meets, another tornado is upon them, but in the book, when they meet, there are no more tornadoes. Even though the movie and book were different, I still liked both of them a lot. The movie and book were similar in many different ways. The movie and book had the same date, setting, and title. They both talk about red and black letter days. The movie and book had mostly the same characters. They both had Dan doing bike races. In the movie and the book, Dan likes Stacey. They both had tornados in it. In the book, and the movie, Dan and Arthur are friends. In both, the movie and the book, Arthur has a lot of sisters and brothers and moved from California. In both, the movie and the book, when the tornado starts to destroy the house, Dan struggles to get Ryan to the basement. In the movie and the book, they hide in the basement and then get into the shower. In the movie and the book, so many things get destroyed, but no one died from the tornado. There were a lot of similarities between the book and movie.

Case: Balance Sheet and Personal Financial Information

Case Study Companies must report or disclose in their financial statements information about all liabilities, including potential liabilities related to environmental clean-up. There are many situations in which you will be asked to provide personal financial information about your assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Sometimes you will face difficult decisions regarding what to disclose and how to disclose it. Instructions Suppose that you are putting together a loan application to purchase a home. Based on your income and assets, you qualify for the mortgage loan, but just barely.How would you address each of the following situations in reporting your financial position for the loan application? Provide responses for each of the following situations. a) You signed a guarantee for a bank loan that a friend took out for $20,000. If your friend doesn’t pay, you will have to pay. Your friend had made all of the payments so far, and it appears he will be able to pay in the future. For this situation I would be personally liable for the $20,000 he borrowed. It is both a liability and an expense for both parties.When applying for my loan I would have to make sure to disclose that all payments have been made and on time. Since my friend never failed to make any payments I shouldn’t face too much resistance from getting the loan. In my opinion I would not share or disclose this information with the bank since this particular situation does not seem it will become a problem. b) You were involved in an auto accident in which you were at fault. There is the possibility that you may have to pay as much as $50,000 as part of the settlement. The issue will not be resolved before the bank processes your mortgage request.In this case you are have earned a liability and another expense. It would be highly unethical not to disclose such information with the bank. If for some reason you omit this information and the bank finds out about it later, you could b e at fault since you lied to the institution that evaluated their risks without taking in consideration all of the factors involved. It would be wiser to settle your liability of 50,000 dollars before acquiring new expenses. c) The company at which you work isn’t doing very well, and it has recently laid off employees.You are still employed, but it is quite possible that you will lose your job in the next few months. Since the probability of you losing your job is undisclosed I don’t think it would be necessary to disclose any of this information with the bank. However if you receive a loan and lose your job you would still be held liable with this current expense. The only way to make a definite decision is to wait and see what happens with your company, or in the other if you want to take a risk and make the loan it would be unwise to disclose your current possibility of losing your job.

Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics - Research Paper Example Ethics are divided into multiple perspectives or parts. Happiness is a critical aspect of ethics. There are multiple ethical theories. One of the perspectives of ethics suggests that the determination of morals depends on the simple ability to separate right from wrong (Aristotle and Augustine 41). Thinkers argue that the moral aspect of actions is entirely dependent of the simplicity and practicality of separating right from wrong. There is an approach that is deontological conceptually. It suggests that some actions are considered to be ethically right inherently (Corradetti 31). They include keeping promises, respecting others, and telling the truth. Other actions are considered to be inherently bad. They include theft, manipulation and dishonestly. Even when good comes from lying, it is never considered to be right. Man is perceived to have the right to pursue happiness or pleasure (Bloom 29). Happiness is attainable according to studies. However, the definition of happiness may not be the same to all men. According to Aristotle, happiness must be perceived as a quality of the entire life of a human being. This argument suggests that the pain and troubles of life cannot be used to gauge the degree of happiness in life. A young person cannot be said to be happy since he only possess dreams and hopes. Happiness must be a reflection of a totality of life (Corradetti 31). Prosperous young people can fall to the deepest adversity in their old age. The amount of pleasure or plain determines the human ethics expected (William 23). A telling example is theft. While the act is not ethical, it gives pleasure to the thief. This paper explores the ethical theory of relativism and absolutism, its perspectives and criticism by considering the scripture and philosophers. Relativism and absolutism Relativism is the theory on ethics that deals with individual beliefs. The theory suggests that an individual’s activities and beliefs are partly influenced by their cultu re (Bloom 29). Moral relativism is not seen to have an appeal on universal moral truth (Corradetti 31). The social and cultural environment has a profound influence on the beliefs and practices of an individual. Judgments should be made based on the influence of the culture and society (Aristotle and Augustine 41). The ethical theory appeals to a plurality of values and ethics (William 23). It also suggests that there should be inter-cultural tolerance given there exists no absolute morals standards. However, cultural relativism is different from ethical relativism. Therefore, the theory has been perceived to reveal the need for a universal moral standard given the fact that it has no fostered cultural tolerance. Morality is explained as a convenient term for customs that have been approved socially. The suggestion implies that the morality has no place in the universal real (Bloom 29). No ethical principle is supreme to others according to the theory of relativism. The theory is us ed to explain contemporary concepts like homosexuality and murder which can be cited to validate the theory (Corradetti 31). The theory of relativism is seen to the shifting from cultural to ethical. This transformation is increasingly gaining momentum and moral social and cultural controversies continue to affect the modern society (William 23). The theory has been criticized by arguments that suggest that morality is not subject to cultural conventions (Nash 19). Morality should be used to indicate the inherent

Investments in Education May Be Misdirected Article

Investments in Education May Be Misdirected - Article Example Consequently, the impact of poverty on intelligence is also addressed in the article using experiments conducted to link poverty with cognitive development (Porter). The findings indicate that poverty plays an integral role in shaping the cognitive development of the children. In summary, the article addresses the impact of family environment on cognitive development of children with the focus being on poverty and education of the mother. In spite of the ideas state, the title of the article is misleading because it does not link the government funding and failure in the education system. Surprisingly, the problem of the parents level of education is not directly linked with the government investment in the education sector. Therefore, improving the education of the parents cannot be linked directly with government funding. However, the impact of financial and educational gap between parents and its impact on child development can be solved by supporting children from poor families. Therefore, the article does not link the issues perfectly leading to bias in reasoning. The environmental challenges should be addressed by different government department in order to improve education. The head-start given to children from educated and wealthy parents can be countered by supporting children from the poor families, which will reduce the gap and increase student performance. Porter, Eduardo. "The New York Times." 2 April 2013. Investments in Education May Be Misdirected. Online. 27 October 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/03/business/studies-highlight-benefits-of-early-education.html?_r=0

Embodied Recuperations By Elisa Diana Huerta, For Ethnic Studies Class Essay

Embodied Recuperations By Elisa Diana Huerta, For Ethnic Studies Class - Essay Example Many people would associate cuisines, language and traditional lifestyles to describe cultural identity. According to Huerta and unbeknown to many, dance also features on the list. I was fascinated by her detailed description of the Danza Azteca and its role in the Chicano/Chicana culture. Many cultures around the world use dance as a form of cultural or religious expression. Indian, Japanese, Sri Lankan, Turkish and many European nations to name a few, are known for their signature dances. Usually, with an event or story behind each, these dances have been handed down through centuries, from generation to generation and remain largely unchanged. In my opinion, dance is one of the many things that bind us to our roots, linking us to our heritage. With the world rapidly becoming a melting-pot of cultures and traditions, the younger generations can become distanced from their roots. By actively participating in traditional dance sessions, the cultural consciousness of such individuals can be boosted. Dance being a group activity involves and interests groups of people and brings them together, providing opportunities for social interaction. This is something I really like the sound of people celebrating an occasion together! A bit like harvest celebrations or Thanksgiving practices of some cultures where the whole community is involved. This can really help in creating a close-knit society, decreasing crime rate and eliminating many problems that people generally face. It also helps bridge gaps between different cultures.

A comparison of wine cultures between United Kingdom and Hong Kong Literature review - 1

A comparison of wine cultures between United Kingdom and Hong Kong citizens - Literature review Example They further stated that the production of food and wine is a global phenomenon. Varriano (2011) added that wine had manifested its uniqueness in the culture and history of food and drink that first started in the ancient Greece and Rome civilisations. It is more essential to almost all forms of religion as they use this in their worship (Deutsch and Saks 2008). Today, the wine industry is rapidly growing along with the rise of the globalisation (Anderson & Nelgen 2008). Indeed, wine has played a significant role in the lives of wine consumer’s way back in the past and up to the present and in the future. According to the work of Estreicher (2004), wine has played an necessary role in the foundation of Western civilisation. He further added that wine is a magical special ancient alcoholic beverage according to its associations with gods and religious and spiritual traditions. Sanchez (2008) further said that wine is considered by the ancient people such as the Greeks, Romans, Cretans and Egyptian as their daily commodities dated before Christ. These people are used to conducting grape brewing in their households respectively. In the ancient history of the invention of distillation, wine is considered to be the best and most effective antiseptic. Furthermore, it is also treated as one of the most in-demand products for trade in the early Western civilisation along with vine. Therefore, wine can be indicated as a very significant in terms of religion, medicine, and trade (Estreicher 2004). Such notions and claims are further supported by the article of Squicciarini and Swinnen (2010) a s the authors had revealed that, even back in the old times, wine has been used by the ancient people in several ways and within different purposes. For instance, in China, Chinese folks are using wines for spiritual purposes. This is also the same with the Indian people in which

Can Jeffrey Sachs End Global Poverty Research Paper

Can Jeffrey Sachs End Global Poverty - Research Paper Example Global poverty is an issue faced by many nations and should be tackled with some of the recommendations that Jeffrey Sachs gives. 2. The policies of economic growth laid down by Jeffrey Sachs can prove to be beneficial if implemented by the richer nations. 3. The United States has a great role to play in eradicating the issue of global poverty from the world. 4. Yes, the U.S should promote global growth by providing the poor nations with the necessary financial aid. 5. Africa is suffering from extreme poverty and U.S should take a stance on tackling the issue of poverty there through which the threats of terrorism can also be decreased. Cons 1. No, the option of economic growth is not the only solution for global poverty prevailing in this world. 2. Along with economic growth it is also necessary that corruption and malice is eradicated from the governments. 3. No, the U.S alone cannot make much of a difference in eradicating the issue of global poverty from this world because of the role that the home government plays. 4. No, financial aid is not the only solution for the eradication and it should be backed by other reforms. Can Jeffrey Sachs End Global Poverty? The debates about poverty and its consequences are getting increasing attention from the authorities, law regulators, politicians, social welfare organizations, policymakers and the public at large. The reasons behind such importance given to the issues of poverty are the unhealthy, inconsistent and unwelcoming consequences of poverty. These consequences affect all areas from the social, psychological, mental and physical health to access quality food, shelter and other basic necessities for people’s lives. Poverty has turned out to be a global issue affecting a great part of the population living in this world. Jeffrey Sachs is a well qualified professor who has classified poverty into three major classes. He believes that individuals either live in extreme poverty, moderate poverty or relative poverty. Sachs put forwards that in the past 25 years economic growth has been witnessed all around the world but this economic growth has not been significant enough to eradicate poverty even from the developed nations. He believes that a balanced economic growth is necessary to eradicate poverty from the world. He has put several points which according to him are necessary to be implemented so that the global poverty can be ended. A question here arises though as to â€Å"if Jeffrey Sachs can end global poverty or not?†1 From the 1990s it has been seen that the role of international financial institutions have increased in the global politics. These IFIs are responsible on aiding the poor nations with money which they have to use for economic growth. This economic growth can help in eradicating the roots of poverty. Sachs believes that the rich nations have a special role to play in helping to cut off the roots of poverty. The richest countries of the world like United Sta tes can allocate 0.7% of their budget to the poorer nations so that they can prosper and make economic growth. Currently the United States only spends 0.15% in the aid which should be increased by cutting down the defence budgets2. He believes that the country who is participating for a change should make sure that the transformation is really occurring. Lack of commitment by the richer countries can become a hurdle to the progress of economic growth. His emphasis on commitment by the richer nations can be seen in these words â€Å"‘The U.S. lack of support for Bolivia was appalling’.3 Jeffrey Sachs blames the United States for the continuing global poverty in this world. He cites that the war against terrorism launched by the United States is a complete failure and can be tackled in other ways too. According to him the issue of terrorism can be tackled if the interest of US was shifted towards international relations rather than on military advancement. The roots of t errorism can be cut out by economic growth and by helping a poor nation to progress the war against

An in-Depth Analysis Essay Example for Free

An in-Depth Analysis Essay Volume 5, September 2010 The International Journal of Research and Review 51 An In-depth Analysis of the Entrepreneurship Education in the Philippines: An Initiative Towards the Development of a Framework for a Professional Teaching Competency Program for Entrepreneurship Educators Maria Luisa B. Gatchalian Miriam College Abstract This research paper is a descriptive study, which aims to identify the training needs of entrepreneurship educators and practices in entrepreneurship education in the Philippines. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and one-on-one interviews are conducted using structured and unstructured interview guides, which revealed the respondents’ answers, thought patterns, expressions and insights on an array of questions pertaining to entrepreneurship education in the Philippines. The result shows that students assign the highest importance to the personal qualities of entrepreneurship educators (e. g. human and motivating, etc. ) and teaching methodology and delivery (e. g. innovative and interactive) among other qualities (e. g. educational attainment). Entrepreneurship educators ascribe most importance on personalized, experience and project-based learning. However, they assert that this teaching practice should be complemented by a manageable class size, program support facilities and teaching skills enhancement (e. g. , mentoring, etc. ) among others. The school administrators play an important role in setting the direction and progression of the entrepreneurship program in their respective institutions against the background of numerous challenges in managing resources to support its needs. This study highlights that entrepreneurship education in tertiary level is best achieved through a well-designed curriculum, effective teaching model grounded on personalized and experience-based learning, and strong institutional support. Keywords: teaching and learning needs, entrepreneurship education, and tertiary level. Introduction Entrepreneurship education is a recent trend in new course development as against the traditional courses that have gained formal recognition in higher-level institutions. Entrepreneurship courses are now finding their way into formal education as subjects or full degree courses in the tertiary level. Unlike traditional business courses, which have developed and evolved over many decades in universities all over the world in conjunction with active practicing business operations, formal entrepreneurship teaching in the tertiary level is a relatively young course. Professional development of entrepreneurship educators, however, is not as institutionalized as the development of teachers for traditional business courses. MBAs and PhDs in general business and in management fill the faculty rooms of colleges and universities, but educators who hold masters and doctorate degrees in entrepreneurship are rare. Even teaching information and resources are not well known or are not available in many schools, making it difficult for budding entrepreneurs to find the sources they need. Entrepreneurship education is, by nature, highly experiential and interactive. Course requirements are mostly output and result oriented,  © 2010 Time Taylor International ? ISSN 2094-1420 Volume 5, September 2010 The International Journal of Research and Review 52 prototype development, hands-on training and other practical applications that require mentoring and close monitoring of students’ progress at each developmental stage. Teaching college teens to become entrepreneurs takes a different set of skills, insights or sensitivity and teaching approaches to connect, motivate and engage them to. The uniqueness of the student needs and the course requirements entails specific teaching skills to match both. One of the perceived tools to address and match these needs is to first conduct an assessment of the qualities, competencies, methods and techniques and other factors that are important to students, educators, and school administrators. There are new challenges of the learning dynamics of emerging youth in the 21st century. Among them are the uses and matching of modern communication technologies with appropriate teaching methodologies, which the new generation is well adapted to but a good number of educators are not. These are only a few examples of the specialized skills and knowledge that are needed to upgrade entrepreneurship training in the tertiary level. Likewise, course management and its administration are also faced more than ever, with challenges and limitations that behoove everyone to deal creatively with. The study is grounded on the premise that if the educational system is to breed entrepreneurs as the future economic movers, it is but appropriate that the learning source, or the educators should be well equipped and sensitive to their needs and learning dynamics who are ? nolonger-children but not-yet adults.? In the Philippines, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has pushed the formal integration of entrepreneurship education pursuant to Republic Act No. 7722 as embodied in Memorandum Order No. 17 (CMO # 17) Series of 2005 – Curriculum Requirement for Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship (BS Entrepreneurship). This document contains the new academic and developmental thrusts of the Entrepreneurship Programs and Courses in the Tertiary Level. It is also important to note that based on the CHED directory in the National Capital Region, there has been an increase in colleges and universities offering business and entrepreneurship courses. Some have indicated the integration of entrepreneurship in their schools, as a full course leading to a degree, a track, or as a major subject. There are already concerted efforts in the government and the private sector to advance entrepreneurship education as a long-term solution to economic advancement. It follows then that the future offering of the course on entrepreneurship will increase, and programs will take on a newer form as it evolves and develops over time. One of the concrete efforts to meet these new challenges is the formation of Entrepreneurship Educators of the Philippines (ENEDA). The main thrust of the organization is to assist all its members in accessing or actually developing for their immediate use all the relevant knowledge and skills needed in teaching college students to become  © 2010 Time Taylor International ? ISSN 2094-1420

The role of teaching assistants

The role of teaching assistants This essay will discuss the different roles of teaching assistants in primary schools, through first hand observation and also by way of other resources such as government guidelines and journal articles. Teaching assistants (TAs) were originally given the title of non-teaching assistants, however, the non was dropped when it became clear that teaching assistant provided valuable input into the everyday workings of the classroom. TAs were introduced in an attempt to reduce the workload of teachers which would in turn raise the standards of the classroom in which the work (DfES, 2000). Between 1999-2001 the government injected considerable funds into Local Education Authorities to enable them to employ and train around 20,000 new teaching assistants (Ofsted, 2002). The DfES (2003) states that teaching assistants are providing effective and valuable support in a wide range of settings and envisages an enhanced role for teaching assistants to free teachers from non related tasks. My observations seem to mirror the governments guidelines and proposals for utilizing TAs to reduce the workload of teachers. From my observations of teaching assistants in the classroom, I have found that they have many roles and responsibilities. I have also observed that different teaching assistants have different roles. For example: the main TA for the class has duties varying from gathering resources and taking photographs, to playground duties and helping small groups of children stay on task in the classroom. This particular TA also has the responsibility of teaching small groups of children for Rocket Reading. In rocket reading, children gather from different classes and are grouped by ability rather than age. The TA has the responsibility of teaching the key sounds and words for their level. There is also a floating teaching assistant who moves between classes, as and when she is needed. This TA appears to mainly focus on tasks which do not involve the children such as photocopying resources and making up the display boards. However there is research that suggests, if not used effectively, that TAs could possibly have a detrimental effect (albeit inadvertently) on the educational and social wellbeing of some pupils, particularly those who have special educational needs. Children with special educational needs often have a TA who works almost exclusively with them. There is research which suggests that excessive proximity of teaching assistants could lead to things such as behavioural problems and social isolation as the child becomes to dependant on the TA (Giangreco Doyle, 2007). I have observed rare occasions when the teaching assistant has had responsibility for the whole class. However, this is only for very short amounts of time and usually during transition times for example, between the end of lunchtime play and the start of the afternoon session. I have not seen any evidence that the TAs are expected to do any whole class teaching. In the absence of the class teacher, a supply teacher is used rather than giving the responsibility to the teaching assistants. This may be due to the lack of adequate training of the TAs or the preference of the head teacher, unfortunately I have not, as yet had the opportunity to find out this information. However, the Secretary of State has suggested that the role of teaching assistants could be expanded to include supervising classes undertaking work set by the class teacher, administering tests and covering teacher absence (Ofsted, 2002). Cajkler Suschitzky ( 2007) suggest that TAs should be quite deeply invloved in the everday workings of the classroom. This should include knowing about the curriculum, schemes of work, policy and lesson planning. However, from my observations, the TAs do not have any input into what is taught or how but just follow instructions given by the teacher. These are usually things such as keeping children on task rather than giving any indepth help on the lesson being covered. The TAs often have to refer back to the teacher when asked a question by a child. The TAs do seem to be expected to know the curriculum in any depth, schemes of work or policy. These things do not appear to be relevant to the tasks which are expected of them. The only task in which i have seen the TAs using and needing any indepth knowledge is in the rocket reading exercises. Some of the TAs in the school have had training in this area and therefore have the extra knowledge which is used to the advantage of the rest of the teaching staff and also benefits the children as they can be taught in much smaller groups. Many reports and studies show that the use of teaching assistants in the classroom benefit the teacher as well as the children. However, a report by the Institute of Education suggests that less progress is made by children who have the support of a TA than those of a similar age and ability who do not receive the same level of assistance. The report claims that the more support they recieve the fewer gains they make. The findings are based on two main problems that are interlinked. It is claimed that teaching assistants are often assigned to the children in most need of educational help. However, this means that the child has less time with a qualified teacher , therefore reducing the amount of actual teaching they receive (Times, 2008). From my observations i would somewhat agree with these findings. One child in the class has recently oined the class after arriving from Poland.he receives extremly little support, guidence or teaching fom the class teacher.his day is spent either with a non speaking TA or working independently. However he is lucky enough to have another six year old in the class who is also Polish but speaks very good english who translates for him. In conclusion, i feel that that TAs are an extremely important part of the dailybrunning of the classroom. The main roles in which they are involved in allows the teacher to concentrate on actually teaching the class rather than concentrating on what could be seen as less important tasks. However, i feel that TAs need to be trained in all aspects of the roles which they are expected to undertake. Cajkler, W., Suschitzky, W. (2007). Teamwork in the primary classroom. In J. Moyles (Ed.), Beginning Teaching Beginning Learning in Primary Education (pp. 181-191). Maidenhead: Open University Press. DfES. (2003). Raising standards and tackling workload: a national agreement. London: DfES. DfES. (2000, October). Working with Teaching Assistants. Retrieved March 8, 2010, from www.tda.gov.uk: http://www.tda.gov.uk/upload/resources/pdf/w/working_with_tas.pdf Giangreco, M. F., Doyle, M. B. (2007). Teaching assistants in inclusive schools. In L.Florian, The Sage Handbook of Special Education (pp. 429-439). London: Sage. Ofsted. (2002, April 16). Ofsted. Retrieved March 8, 2010, from Ofsted: https://ofsted3.openanswers.com/Ofsted-home/Publications-and-research/Browse-all-by/Education/Leadership/Management/Teaching-assistants-in-primary-schools-an-evaluation-of-the-quality-and-impact-of-their-work/(language)/eng-GB Times, T. (2008). Pupils using teaching assistants make less progress. Retrieved march 8, 2010, from Teaching Times: http://www.teachingtimes.com/articles/teaching-assistants-less-progress.htm

Test-Oriented or Ability-Oriented Essay -- China Education Chinese Arg

Test-Oriented or Ability-Oriented It is known to the world that China has thousands of years of culture, and education is always an important part of carrying on and developing culture in Chinese history. With the changing of time, the content of education and the method of education have changed a lot. And now in the twentieth century, what does education look like in China after thousands of years of development? There are some kinds of problems existing in the current Test-Oriented Education system, and therefore, another more scientific education system, Ability-Oriented, is needed. However, applying another kind of education system should take many factors into consideration, which involve an argument of doing it. This study will mainly explore the situation of Test-Oriented Education, and the reason why the argument exists. For students in China, the most important thing in their education process is taking tests. And the most important tests are the College Entrance Examinations which now include 9 subjects: Chinese, English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Politics, History and Geography. The scores of this series of exams will decide what kind of university or college to which they can apply and in what major they will be. Other words, the scores can decide students’ futures. These exams also mean a lot to high schools. The percentage of students being admitted into college is the standard for judging whether a school is good or not. And therefore, students study for gaining a high score, and teachers teach for gaining a high number of students being admitted. When tests become the final target of the education, it is called Test-Oriented Education. Although it is true as it is said that Chinese stude... ... the number of people from the countries exceeded that from the cities for the first time. Shanxi News Web. December 1, 2004 http://www.daynews.com.cn/mag6/20040606/ca38007.htm WeiQuan LunTan. Facing teenagers who are at the edge of committing suicide, what should we do? December 1, 2004 http://www.ccc.org.cn/6.1/Weiquan/WeiquanqinZS.htm Xinhua Web News. Students are lacking sleep and becoming the most â€Å"poor† people. December 1, 2004 http://edu.beelink.com.cn/20041114/1723941.shtml Yan, Pin. 1292 survey answer sheets show the problems about educating minors. Xinhua Web News. December 1, 2004 http://news.xinhuanet.com/focus/2004-11/30/content_2264703.htm Zhejiang Online News. Wenzhou â€Å"reducing burden† survey: teachers have no confidence, students cannot play. December 1, 2004 http://www.zjol.com.cn/gb/node2/node138669/userobject15ai2229949.html

World Trade Organization is the Way to Go Essay -- Commerce GATT Argum

World Trade Organization is the Way to Go Ever since man has been engaged in international commerce, trade disputes have existed. Adam Smith observed trade disputes over 220 years ago in The Wealth of Nations. In Smith’s eyes, if a trading partner imposed restrictions on your exports, then you had the right to retaliate and impose restrictions on their imports. He felt that unilateral trade dispute settlement was the right thing to do. However, Smith's answer to settling trade disputes was shortsighted. In an era where his home country, England, was the superpower of its time, Smith could not foresee the creation of an international organization to regulate trade and commerce around the world. With the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, the world is capable of handling trade disputes between nations. The creation of the WTO and its improvements upon the GATT framework have proven that trade disputes are better settled thr ough a multilateral system and not unilaterally. The creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 was a step in the right direction for handling trade disputes. At that time there was no international dispute settlement system in effect. Countries handled disputes either bilaterally or unilaterally. However, the GATT dispute settlement system was rather weak and not used effectively. More than often countries abused it or simply ignored it. Even with these faults, the GATT provided a strong foundation for the WTO to be built upon after the Uruguay Round. The United States took advantage of the weakness of the GATT dispute settlement system use its own unilateral methods to handle di... ... January 1998. "Explaining Patterns of GATT/WTO Trade Complaints." Working Paper. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Available at: https://wwwc.cc.columbia.edu/sec/dlc/ciao/wps/sec01/sec01.html Smith, Adam. 1776 (1981 reprint). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Valihora, Michael S. Spring/Summer 1998. "NAFTA Chapter 19 or the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body: A Hobson’s Choice for Canada?" Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. Volume 30 Numbers 2, 3, pages 447-487. World Trade Organization. February 1998. "Case Study—The Timetable in Practice." Available at http://www.wto.org/wto/about/dispute3.htm World Trade Organization. February 1998. WTO, "Settling Disputes: The WTO’s ‘most individual contribution’" Available at: http://www.wto.org/wto/about/dispute1.htm World Trade Organization is the Way to Go Essay -- Commerce GATT Argum World Trade Organization is the Way to Go Ever since man has been engaged in international commerce, trade disputes have existed. Adam Smith observed trade disputes over 220 years ago in The Wealth of Nations. In Smith’s eyes, if a trading partner imposed restrictions on your exports, then you had the right to retaliate and impose restrictions on their imports. He felt that unilateral trade dispute settlement was the right thing to do. However, Smith's answer to settling trade disputes was shortsighted. In an era where his home country, England, was the superpower of its time, Smith could not foresee the creation of an international organization to regulate trade and commerce around the world. With the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, the world is capable of handling trade disputes between nations. The creation of the WTO and its improvements upon the GATT framework have proven that trade disputes are better settled thr ough a multilateral system and not unilaterally. The creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 was a step in the right direction for handling trade disputes. At that time there was no international dispute settlement system in effect. Countries handled disputes either bilaterally or unilaterally. However, the GATT dispute settlement system was rather weak and not used effectively. More than often countries abused it or simply ignored it. Even with these faults, the GATT provided a strong foundation for the WTO to be built upon after the Uruguay Round. The United States took advantage of the weakness of the GATT dispute settlement system use its own unilateral methods to handle di... ... January 1998. "Explaining Patterns of GATT/WTO Trade Complaints." Working Paper. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Available at: https://wwwc.cc.columbia.edu/sec/dlc/ciao/wps/sec01/sec01.html Smith, Adam. 1776 (1981 reprint). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Valihora, Michael S. Spring/Summer 1998. "NAFTA Chapter 19 or the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body: A Hobson’s Choice for Canada?" Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. Volume 30 Numbers 2, 3, pages 447-487. World Trade Organization. February 1998. "Case Study—The Timetable in Practice." Available at http://www.wto.org/wto/about/dispute3.htm World Trade Organization. February 1998. WTO, "Settling Disputes: The WTO’s ‘most individual contribution’" Available at: http://www.wto.org/wto/about/dispute1.htm